在某些情況下,你可能會希望從新螢幕返回資料。 例如,假設你推送了一個新螢幕,該螢幕向使用者呈現兩個選項。 當使用者點擊其中一個選項時,你希望將使用者的選擇通知給第一個螢幕, 以便它能根據該資訊進行處理。

你可以透過 Navigator.pop() 方法,按照以下步驟來實現:

  1. 定義主螢幕(home screen)
  2. 新增一個按鈕來啟動選擇螢幕
  3. 顯示帶有兩個按鈕的選擇螢幕
  4. 當按鈕被點擊時,關閉選擇螢幕
  5. 在主螢幕上以 snackbar 顯示選擇結果

1. 定義主螢幕(home screen)

#

主螢幕會顯示一個按鈕。當按鈕被點擊時, 會啟動選擇螢幕。

dart
class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const HomeScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Returning Data Demo')),
      // Create the SelectionButton widget in the next step.
      body: const Center(child: SelectionButton()),
    );
  }
}

2. 新增一個按鈕以啟動選擇螢幕

#

現在,請建立 SelectionButton,其功能如下:

  • 當被點擊時,啟動 SelectionScreen。
  • 等待 SelectionScreen 傳回結果。
dart
class SelectionButton extends StatefulWidget {
  const SelectionButton({super.key});

  @override
  State<SelectionButton> createState() => _SelectionButtonState();
}

class _SelectionButtonState extends State<SelectionButton> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ElevatedButton(
      onPressed: () {
        _navigateAndDisplaySelection(context);
      },
      child: const Text('Pick an option, any option!'),
    );
  }

  Future<void> _navigateAndDisplaySelection(BuildContext context) async {
    // Navigator.push returns a Future that completes after calling
    // Navigator.pop on the Selection Screen.
    final result = await Navigator.push(
      context,
      // Create the SelectionScreen in the next step.
      MaterialPageRoute<String>(builder: (context) => const SelectionScreen()),
    );
  }
}

3. 顯示包含兩個按鈕的選擇螢幕

#

現在,建立一個包含兩個按鈕的選擇螢幕。 當使用者點擊其中一個按鈕時, 應用程式會關閉選擇螢幕,並讓主畫面知道使用者點擊了哪一個按鈕。

這個步驟主要定義 UI。 下一步將會加入回傳資料的程式碼。

dart
class SelectionScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const SelectionScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Pick an option')),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: [
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Pop here with "Yep"...
                },
                child: const Text('Yep!'),
              ),
            ),
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Pop here with "Nope"...
                },
                child: const Text('Nope.'),
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

4. 當按鈕被點擊時,關閉選擇螢幕

#

現在,請更新兩個按鈕的 onPressed() callback。 若要將資料傳回到第一個螢幕, 請使用 Navigator.pop() 方法, 該方法可以接受一個名為 result 的可選第二個參數。 任何結果都會傳回給 SelectionButton 中的 Future

Yep 按鈕

#
dart
ElevatedButton(
  onPressed: () {
    // Close the screen and return "Yep!" as the result.
    Navigator.pop(context, 'Yep!');
  },
  child: const Text('Yep!'),
)

Nope 按鈕

#
dart
ElevatedButton(
  onPressed: () {
    // Close the screen and return "Nope." as the result.
    Navigator.pop(context, 'Nope.');
  },
  child: const Text('Nope.'),
)

5. 在主畫面上以 snackbar 顯示選擇結果

#

現在你已經能夠啟動選擇螢幕並等待結果回傳, 你可能會想要對回傳的資訊做一些處理。

在這個例子中,可以使用 _navigateAndDisplaySelection() 方法於 SelectionButton 中, 以 snackbar 顯示該結果:

dart
// A method that launches the SelectionScreen and awaits the result from
// Navigator.pop.
Future<void> _navigateAndDisplaySelection(BuildContext context) async {
  // Navigator.push returns a Future that completes after calling
  // Navigator.pop on the Selection Screen.
  final result = await Navigator.push(
    context,
    MaterialPageRoute<String>(builder: (context) => const SelectionScreen()),
  );

  // When a BuildContext is used from a StatefulWidget, the mounted property
  // must be checked after an asynchronous gap.
  if (!context.mounted) return;

  // After the Selection Screen returns a result, hide any previous snackbars
  // and show the new result.
  ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
    ..removeCurrentSnackBar()
    ..showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('$result')));
}

互動範例

#
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MaterialApp(title: 'Returning Data', home: HomeScreen()));
}

class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const HomeScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Returning Data Demo')),
      body: const Center(child: SelectionButton()),
    );
  }
}

class SelectionButton extends StatefulWidget {
  const SelectionButton({super.key});

  @override
  State<SelectionButton> createState() => _SelectionButtonState();
}

class _SelectionButtonState extends State<SelectionButton> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ElevatedButton(
      onPressed: () {
        _navigateAndDisplaySelection(context);
      },
      child: const Text('Pick an option, any option!'),
    );
  }

  // A method that launches the SelectionScreen and awaits the result from
  // Navigator.pop.
  Future<void> _navigateAndDisplaySelection(BuildContext context) async {
    // Navigator.push returns a Future that completes after calling
    // Navigator.pop on the Selection Screen.
    final result = await Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute<String>(builder: (context) => const SelectionScreen()),
    );

    // When a BuildContext is used from a StatefulWidget, the mounted property
    // must be checked after an asynchronous gap.
    if (!context.mounted) return;

    // After the Selection Screen returns a result, hide any previous snackbars
    // and show the new result.
    ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
      ..removeCurrentSnackBar()
      ..showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('$result')));
  }

}

class SelectionScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const SelectionScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Pick an option')),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Close the screen and return "Yep!" as the result.
                  Navigator.pop(context, 'Yep!');
                },
                child: const Text('Yep!'),
              ),
            ),
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Close the screen and return "Nope." as the result.
                  Navigator.pop(context, 'Nope.');
                },
                child: const Text('Nope.'),
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}